They're beating their swords into superhighways in Southeast Asia
For China and Vietnam, a Highway Link Means Speedy Growth
HONG KONG — On a frontier where Vietnamese and Chinese soldiers exchanged bullets in a short but bloody war nearly three decades ago, construction workers from the two countries will soon join forces to build a highway that promises to bring new wealth to their once heavily guarded border regions.
Plans for a four-lane highway from Hanoi to Kunming cleared the last hurdle on Friday when the board of the Asian Development Bank gave the green light to a loan that will underwrite the Vietnamese side of the project.
By 2012, when the highway is supposed to be completed, a journey that now takes three days by truck could take just nine hours. Goods made in China’s Yunnan Province would have quick access to the Vietnamese seaport of Haiphong, and Vietnamese exporters should be able to reach untapped markets in China.
“Both countries are reaping the fruits of peace and cooperation,” said Ayumi Konishi, the Asian Development Bank’s country director in Vietnam. “In one generation, they have moved from tanks and troops to trade and tourism.”
In a meeting Friday in Manila, the bank’s board approved its biggest single-project loan — $1.1 billion — to finance the start of work next year on a 152-mile stretch of the highway from Hanoi to Lao Cai on the border, the bank said in a statement. The Vietnamese government is contributing $100 million to the low-interest loan.
The construction is to add a section to the ambitious Asian Highway program under which 27 Asian countries have pledged to build an 87,000-mile network of roads that meet minimum uniform standards.
The Vietnamese section of the project is to be designated Asian Highway No. 14. It is to link to a highway under construction on the Chinese side of the border at Lao Cai. That area had some of the fiercest fighting in the brief war of 1979, in which the governments of Vietnam and China tested each other’s mettle in a contest for strategic influence in Southeast Asia.
Both are now vastly more interested in markets than in strategic jostling. The highway is one of several projects integrating the economies of northern Vietnam and southern China. It is seen by government and Asian Development Bank officials as a vital spur to the region’s growth, particularly lifting the pace of development in the four poorest provinces of Vietnam.
“I think the integration will be of mutual benefit,” Ho Quang Minh, a director general in Vietnam’s Ministry of Planning and Investment, said in a telephone interview from Hanoi. “Southern China is a very big potential market, not just for Vietnam, but for other countries. On the other hand, China can utilize the seaport facilities in northern Vietnam and obtain a shortcut to other countries of Southeast Asia.”
The Vietnamese government has placed a high priority on the development of its northern provinces. The four provinces the highway will cross have poverty rates of up to 34 percent, compared with a national average of 20 percent. The construction of the highway is expected to cut poverty rates significantly.
But that progress will come at some social cost. The road will require the demolition of about 1,900 homes and force the resettlement of some 25,000 people.
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